necessitas coactionis). The human predicament is therefore defined neither as the loss of the faculty of will nor of the inward freedom, or libertas, of the will. What has been lost is the freedom of choice, specifically, the ability freely to choose the good and freely to avoid that which is evil. The libertas voluntatis essentialis (essential freedom of will) remains intact, but the will itself is fallen and suffers from the defect and stain of sin (SEE macula). The Lutheran scholastics argue further
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